Vowels: Standard - 'a' as in ‘path’, ‘u’ as in ‘put’, 'e' as in ‘pet’, 'i' as in 'sit', 'ə' neutral sound as in ‘the’. Variation - 'e' followed by ‘ng’ in the same syllable and is not immediately followed by a vowel it is long and slightly nasalised (see 'nyenggang')
Consonant combination - 'ny' (palato-nasal) combine 'n' and 'y' while top of tongue touches hard palate plus nasal vibration. (Avoid the English 'nee' as in 'many') - 'ty' (palatal stop) - combine 't' and 'y' while tip and blade of tongue touches hard palate and stops the breath. (Note: 'tch' is close but different to 'ty'.) (Avoid the English 'tee' as in 'city'.), - 'ng' (velar-nasal) combine 'n' and 'g' while back of tongue touches soft palate plus nasal vibration.